| 摘要 | 空气调节的意义在于“使空气达到所要求的状态”或“使空气处于正常状态”。据此，一个内部受控的空气环境，一般是指在某一特定空间（或房间）内，对空气的温度、湿度、空气流动速度以及清洁度进行人工调节，以满足人体舒适和工艺生产过程的要求。因此，空气相对湿度的控制与温度控制至少具有同样重要的意义。恒温恒湿机就是在此基础上产生的，具有制冷、除湿、加热、加湿等功能，且可以保持温湿度的调节精度。为了保持出风温度，需要采用蒸汽加热和电加热空气，能耗较大，特别是在热负荷小，湿负荷大的环境中，需要消耗较大的能量。
本课题利用空调机制冷除湿降温和除湿机除湿升温的特性，采用室内外双冷
凝器系统，通过合理的系统部件匹配，正确的室内外冷凝器负荷的控制方式，来达到控制室内温湿度的目的。与一般的恒温恒湿机相比，它能达到节约能量的目的，提高能源利用率。
首先根据国内外比较典型的关于恒温恒湿机、空调机、除湿机等设计方面的资料，根据负荷的不同选择最佳制冷循环方式，确定系统的设计方案。
按照通常的理论设计方法，针对所设计的节能型恒温除湿机系统特点，分别
进行制冷循环热力计算，蒸发器、室内外冷凝器结构设计计算，以及节流元件、调节阀等其他辅助设备的选择计算，合理分配冷量与风量，达到了系统各部件的匹配。
在系统控制调节部分，介绍了空气温湿度的特性以及它们之间的耦合关系,
分析了不同负荷及膨胀阀开度对蒸发温度的影响，讨论了不同热湿比情况下的空气处理过程和相应的运行模式，介绍了系统手动调节的方法，同时提出了自动控制的方法。
最后对所设计的节能型恒温除湿机进行了实验研究，验证了系统结构设计方案和控制调节方法的正确性。
本课题较好的实现了预期目标，从实践上证明了节能型恒温除湿机理论设计方案的合理性和可行性。理论设计方案和实验研究的成果为今后的空调设备研究提供了丰富的数据和宝贵的经验，同时可以直接为工业领域所借鉴，从而加快空调设备的国产化进程。 |
| Abstract | Air-conditioning is to make air what it is needed to be or make it normal.Based on this, an environment ,where the air is controlled inside usually, means to adjust air tep- -erature,humidity, floating velocity and cleanness, in a special room,to meet the demand of body comfort and technical process.Therefor control of air relative humidity is at least the same important than control of temperature. So come out constant temperature and humidity machine on this basis , which has functions of refrigeration, dehumidity, heating up and humidity up, and it can also keep the precision of adjusting temperature and humidity. In order to keep temperature of blast air, it is necessary to use electricity or steam to heating up air, but with more energy consumption, especially in those environmments with few hot loadings but much humid loadings.
Built on the features of air-conditioning dehumidification & temperature descending and temperature ascending of dehumidification machine, the task chooses double condenser system,which has reasonable matching in its hardware,and adopts correct control mode to satisfied the demand of indoor temperature and humidity. Compared with usually constant temperature and humidity machine, it can save energy and enhance the proficient of energy.
Firstly, according to some typical national and international design references on constant temperature and humidity machine, air-conditioning & dehumidification machine and variable loadings,choosing optimum refrigerant cycle and determining design plan.
According to usual academic design means, the text separately calculate refrigerant thermodynamic cycle, evaporator & condenser structure design, and throttle valve, adjusting valve. For rational distributing of colding and air capacity,it make system hardware match.
In the part of system control adjustment, the text introduces characteristic and relation between aie temperature and air humidity. And it makes an analysis on influences that different loading and throttle valve make on vaporing temperature. At the same time, it also discusses the air processing and corresponding running mode under different rate of heat to humidity, introduces the mannul adjustment and automic control as well.
At last, the text makes experiment research , validate correctness of structure design and control adjustment.
The project gets a better expected results, proving its probability and reasonableness. Its theoretic method and achievement after research, which can be directly applied in industry, provide abundant data valuable practical experiences for the latter studies on air conditioning equipments, accelerating its national progress. |
